Bioethics euthanasia Essay Example

Bioethics euthanasia Essay Example Bioethics euthanasia Paper Bioethics euthanasia Paper Another concern that arises in permitting euthanasia is the incompatibility of the physicians fundamental moral and professional commitment to heal people and to protect their life (Pence, 1998, p. 56). Common euthanasia practice by physicians would also lead to distrust between patient and physician, because patients would have to fear that a treatment was intended to kill them not to cure. The control of high health care costs lead to a pressured budget, which could use euthanasia as an alternative option to sufficient treatment and care (Keown, 1996). However, surveys showed that many people from different societies all over the world would welcome the legalisation of active voluntary euthanasia. A survey in Australia showed that ca. three quarters of Australians would welcome voluntary euthanasia and that people from a church background had more supporters for euthanasia than opponents (South Australian Voluntary Euthanasia Society, 2004). There are as many reasons to legalise euthanasia as there are for keeping it prohibited. Mercy is one of the strongest arguments for euthanasia. A person should be allowed to be released from suffering and pain if there is no hope for cure but only death. Another good consequence of legalising euthanasia would be the possibility to respect personal autonomy and self-determination of patients that request euthanasia (Kerridge, Lowe and McPhee, 1998). The right to die with dignity is a major argument for euthanasia. Many people are afraid of their last days, and this does not count for only terminally ill people but also for every other person. For example, people are frightened of becoming old and loosing their continence or not being able to feed themselves. These facts do not need to arise from a terminal illness; a healthy old person can loose those abilities as well. For some people, this would be a loss of dignity and they may choose to be euthanased (Pence, 1998). Other people may want their families to remember them as they were in the good days. As the reader discovered, there are many pros and contras related to euthanasia. Community viewpoints can differ greatly, depending on the beliefs of the community members. In Australia, major groups of opponents are Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders. Their religious beliefs and concerns about discrimination and distrust in medical care play a key role in rejecting euthanasia (Kerridge, Lowe and McPhee, 1998). Many disabled people are against the legalisation of euthanasia. This could have its roots in former Nazi Germany, where thousands of disabled people were involuntary euthanased because they were considered not worth living (Keown, 1996). However, the majority of a liberal community would welcome the legalisation of active voluntary euthanasia, because personal autonomy and self-determination are of great importance for these groups. In a community, where paternalism rules, people would do what they expected to do and what is good. Those communities are mainly strong religious or traditional groups (Charlesworth, 1993). The fact is that active voluntary euthanasia is illegal in Australia, though the Northern Territory legalised it under The Rights for the Terminally Ill Act 1995 and was the first jurisdiction worldwide. However, the Act was revoked by the federal parliament in march 1997. The only countries that legally provide euthanasia today are the Netherlands and Belgium (Australian Voluntary Euthanasia Society, 2004). At the very beginning of this essay, the reader was introduced to passive voluntary euthanasia, another form of bringing about death, although it is different from the legal and ethical view. Passive voluntary euthanasia refers to withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining treatment, which leads to a hastened death of the patient at his or her request. The patient with a terminal illness is allowed to die. As discussed earlier, this form of euthanasia is seen by many people as morally tolerable. Australian Law tolerates passive voluntary euthanasia under certain circumstances (Kerridge, Lowe and McPhee, 1998). A common-law right exists that enables all patients of legal capacity to refuse medical treatment and therefore gives the ability of requesting withholds or withdrawals of life-sustaining treatment that can hasten death. Certain criteria must be met to participate in such an act. The Northern Territories Natural Death Act 1988 is such a law, where terminally ill patients that meet the requirements of the act, can refuse treatment and therefore the prolongation of their life (Staunton and Chiarella, 2003). The patient that meets all the criteria has full personal autonomy and no one can interfere in his or her decision. Surveys all over the world showed that many people, including health professionals, think positively of euthanasia and they would like to see changes in the government legislature that legalise euthanasia (Australian Voluntary Euthanasia Society, 2004). This result leads to an emerging ethical role of the nurse. More and more patients are aware of the meanings of euthanasia and that there are other ways to achieve death, such as double effect (Kerridge, Lowe and McPhee, 1998). The nurse will be more and more involved in the decision-making and has to make moral decisions herself. A nurse needs to remember that, even if a patient is very sick and in severe pain without hope of cure, begging to die, there is nothing she can do, but reassure him or her and to give comfort. It is also important for a nurse to act as outlined in the four major ethical principles, which are autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence and justice. Non-maleficence emphasizes the principle of above all, do no harm. This has to be considered and remembered when terminally ill patients beg for mercy. Beneficence refers to above all, do good (Staunton and Chiarella, 2003). This principle can be controversial, especially in relation to a terminally ill patient. Nurses from a particular cultural background could experience great difficulties in allowing a patient to die and withholding treatment, because their beliefs are against death. Furthermore, personal relationships, thoughts and certain attitudes can play an important role in moral decision-making for the nurse. However, The Australian Nursing Councils Code of ethics includes the four ethical principles and a nurse should act in moral decision-making under this code (Staunton and Chiarella, 2003). Issues of euthanasia are very controversial and confusing. Hopefully the reader was able to penetrate the fog of confusion and gain some understanding of the issues accompanying euthanasia. The rights of the patients and autonomy in a liberal society have been outlined and need to be considered frequently, because of their enormous importance in professional health care. Pros and contras have also been discussed. However, every person is unique and has their own value of life; therefore, every person might think differently about the issues related to euthanasia. The ability to think differently is another form of autonomy that one can exercise in a liberal society like Australia. Bibliography: Charlsworth, M. (1993) Autonomy and the liberal ideal: Bioethics in a liberal society, Cambridge University Press, Melbourne Hawley, R. , King, J. Weller, B. F. (2003) Australian NursesDictionary, 3rd edn. Bailliere Tindall, Sydney Keown, J. (1996) Euthanasia Examined, Cambridge University Press, Great Britain Kerridge, I, Lowe, M McPhee, J. (1998) Euthanasia: Ethics and law for health professions, Social Science Press, Australia Pence, G. E. (1998) Classic works in medical ethics, McGraw Hill, Boston. British Medical Association (1993) Medical Ethics today: Its practice and philosophy, British Medical Association, Plymouth South Australian Voluntary Euthanasia Society (2004) saves. asn. au/ (Online, accessed 20. 05. 2004) Staunton P. Chiarella, M. (2003) Nursing and the Law, 5th edn. Churchill Livingston, Sydney The Hon. Prime Minister Mr John Howard (1997) Sir Robert Menzies Memorial lecture: Australia in the world, University of London http://home. vicnet. net. au/~victorp/liberals/nsw/Howard. html (Online, accessed 23. 05. 2004) Claudia Zschernack s127283 9/05/2007 NUR 111 Health and Health Professions Bioethics 1.

Get Dissertation Help

Get Dissertation Help Get Dissertation Help How to Get Dissertation HelpWhen students set to writing a dissertation, they may get lost because this kind of work is practically unknown to them. They may feel helpless because they may not see, for example, the difference between essay and dissertation. While writing a dissertation many problems may arise, such as, for example, inability to manage ones time in a proper way. So in this paper you will find some useful tips on where you can look for dissertation help.Primarily, the first person to address is your supervisor. He or she will assist you during your work on your dissertation, so do not hesitate and ask your tutor when any questions arise. Dissertation help, provided by your supervisor, can include the following:assistance in choosing a topic, which will be interesting for you;planning interim deadlines of the work;creating a plan of work for you to meet the final deadline;monitoring your progress etc.It would be good if you could access the past dissertations, similar to the kind you are asked to write. They can be a useful source of dissertation help, because from them you can learn about the structure, size and methodology used.Your fellow students can provide you with some dissertation help too. They may not know the subject of your dissertation, but discussing your work with them you can evaluate your progress and check if your way of thinking is right. Discussing your dissertation with other students may be of great help too, because due to sharing your ideas with your friends you can assess your progress in comparison with others. And, which is also very important, sharing your thoughts and ideas about your dissertation will make you more confident.The last but, not the least source of dissertation help is internet, of course. In educational sites you will find some useful tips on how to manage your time, plan your work, what methods are preferable considering your topic etc. To sum it up, keep in mind that, though all kinds of dissertatio n help may be very useful, dissertation is an individual kind of work, showing your knowledge, abilities and talents. Of course, in your search for dissertation help keep in mind that there are always limits to any assistance. So try to do your best and make it as independently as possible, than working on your dissertation will surely become an exciting experience of your students life.

Achieving Community Awareness and Commitment Coursework

Achieving Community Awareness and Commitment - Coursework Example In this regard, the leaders are required to increase efficiency along with quality of different sustainable community activities (Bagin et al., 2012). Based on the current policy statements and communication formats, the proposed coursework tends to focus on discussing about the operationalized practices of the educational system of Rome City School District (RCSD), New York based on two major parts. The first part of the discussion incorporates the provisions of providing report card information of the school to a heterogeneous group of community members. In this regard, the discussion analyses the report card information by considering major areas of the school and possible questions that might be occurred relating to the current report cards and communication formats of the institution. The second part of the proposed coursework identifies and evaluates activities to be performed in the assessment that can help RCSD to accomplish its marketing and promotional goals of different academic courses successfully. According to the communication formats of the current educational system in the US, there are a number of guiding principles and policies duly accepted by the regulatory departments in order to increase efficiency of the reporting functions. In this regard, the report card information format of RCSD includes a clear structure of presenting the current educational procedures of the schools with adequate standards, which can be interpreted easily by a heterogeneous group of the community members (Bagin et al., 2012). In order to assess critically the key areas in the current report card information format of the institution, the following three key areas are considered that can differentiate the roles and significance of the RCSD to communicate to the existing community members efficiently. According to an in-depth understanding of the current report card format, compliance with the standards can be considered as a major key aspect that enable RCSD to

Organization of Public Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Organization of Public Health - Essay Example The closest to the definition of public health provided by IOM is the mission statement of North Dakota Department of Health which is â€Å"to protect and enhance the health and safety of all North Dakotans and the environment in which we live in.† On the other hand, the mission statement of Virginia Department of Health is â€Å"to protect and promote the health of all Virginians.† NJDHSS provides useful information that will enable the people to prepare themselves from biological agents like anthrax; chemical agents like ricin, sarin and VX; emerging infectious diseases like monkeypox, pandemic influenza, and SARS; radiological emergencies; as well as natural disasters and severe weather condition. North Dakota Department of Health and Virginia Department of Health offers a comprehensive information on responding to bioterrorism, infectious disease outbreaks like pandemic influenza and other public health emergencies. The website also teaches the people on NJDHSS provides more general information on child and adult immunization as compared to the local health websites. It also provides information related to travel vaccinations, immunization administrative code, useful weblinks, including annual immunization status report and statistics. To effectively address the specific needs of its target audiences, North Dakota Department of Health intentionally sub-divided its information into three categories known as: (1) health providers; (2) public; (3) schools/day cares. In the case of Virginia Department of Health, they chose to categorize immunization information for children and specific diseases like Hepatitis B prevention. Even though the Public Health and Environmental Laboratories (NJPHEL) provides test report on infected individuals, NJDHSS also utilizes different surveillance method in determining the widespread of the disease. Although North Dakota Department of Health and Virginia Department of Health provides useful

Sexism in Sports Essay -- Sexism Sports Athletics Basketball Essays

Sexism in Sports In 1972 a policy known as Title IX was written and mandated into Federal policy. Title IX states â€Å"no person.....shall, on the basis of sex†¦.be subjected to discrimination under any educational program or activity receiving federal financial assistance† (Glenn Sacks, â€Å"Title IX Lawsuits are Endangering Men’s College Sports,† p. 3). Many high schools and colleges have not been able to comply with the Title IX standards mostly because of money. After more than 30 years since the beginning of Title IX, there is still no gender equality among men and women in sports. Passed in 1972 by United States President Richard Nixon, Title IX was supposed to open the door for women, but feminists have interpretated Title IX in a way to help strengthen women’s athletics (Sacks 1). During the Carter and Clinton administrations Title IX was converted into a weapon to enforce gender quotas, therefore abolishing as many men’s college athletic teams as possible (Phyllis Schlafly, â€Å"Supreme Court wrestles with Title IX,† p. 2). Over the years the words of Title IX author, former U.S. Republican Edith Green, must have been forgotten when he stated that the law is â€Å"exceedingly explicit so that the establishment of quotas would be prohibited (Schlafly 2)†. It has become obvious that quotas are the standard in 2005. Scholarships, spending and funding must somehow equal the ratio of 57% women - 43% men enrolled in college. Schools have been offered two options to meet Title IX – create new women’s teams or cut men†™s teams (Sacks 2). Has the question really been answered yet? Has Title IX changed anything? YES. Between 1972 and 1997, 3.6 male athletes were dropped from their programs. During the same period, female athletes increased by 5,800 while 20,000 male athletes were cut (Sacks 2). Women’s basketball programs are now allotted 15 scholarships, men’s 13.5; women tennis is allotted 8 scholarships, men’s 4.5. By April of 2002, over 350 NCAA men’s programs had been terminated since 1991, over 100 wrestling programs had been eliminated overall, and only 26 colleges still had male gymnastic programs (J.P. Hoornstra, â€Å"Title IX sends teams to grave,† p. 2). It seems to me that Title IX was created with all the good intentions, but it seems that nobody really ever thought it through. On the flip side, coaches for an average college women’s team earns, on av... ...ution is time. Society is still grounded in the old ideals of early Americans. Sexism is a problem that can distort a person’s thought process, young and old. This perception denies the skill, sacrifice, and passion of an athlete based on gender. True today, the female athlete is as celebrated as the male athlete is. And true, female athletes are becoming extremely competitive, but still there is a belief of â€Å"separate and unequal† in the realm of women’s sport. Reference List Egendorf, Laura K. (1999). Sports and Athletes: Opposing Viewpoints. San Diego: Greenhaven Press. Geadelmann, Patricia L. (1977). Equality in Sport for Women. Washington: American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation. Jacob, Michael Paul. (1993). College women athletes' knowledge and perceptions of Title IX. Iowa: Iowa State University Press. Messner, Michael A., McKay, Jim & Sabo, D. (2000) Masculinities, Gender Relations, and Sport. California: Sage Publications. www.movies.yahoo.com www.nba.com Prince-Blythewood, Gina (Director/Writer) & Kitt, S. & Lee, S. (Producers). (2000). Love & Basketball. [Motion Picture]. United States: New Line Cinema. www.wnba.com

Macbeth’s Obsession with Power Essay

In the play Macbeth by Shakespeare, on page 147, the important truth of the play leaks out through Macbeth’s lines. In this one lucid moment, Macbeth realizes that life isn’t worth living without his wife, and he realizes he has gone through a metamorphosis into a power-hungry monster, both caused by his lust for power. The speech illustrates that power will always lead a man astray. In his hunt for power, Macbeth has indefinitely ended the lives of at least 4 people. Creating a blood stain on his conscience that he will never be able to rid himself of. But, these deaths have hardened and changed him. He has become immunte to the disgust and fear that comes along with gore. There was a time when â€Å"To hear a night-shriek and my fellof hair would at a dismal treatise rouse and stir as life were in’t† (A5 S5 L11-13). This refers to before he murdered Duncan, where both he and Lady Macbeth were afraid of a night-shriek, or an owl. She cried â€Å"Hark, peace! It was the owl that shrieked† (A2 S2 L2-3). But now, after his drive for power is coming to an end, he realizes how much power has changed his family. In Macbeth’s small speech on 147, he is saying that time moves quickly and that life is short. He says â€Å"Tomorrow, and tomorrow, and tomorrow creeps in this petty pace from day to day†¦Out, out, brief candle† (A5 S5 L 18-19, 22). This line uses both a metaphor and personification, by saying that tomorrow creeps, he is saying that one thinks they have all the time in the world, but before one knows it, their time is up. He continues on to use the metaphor ‘brief candle’, he is comparing candle with a short wick to the lifespan of a human, who just burns it away. At the end of this speech, he says â€Å"It is a tale told by an idiot†¦signifying nothing† (A5 S5 L26-27). At that point, is when he is finally saying life is nothing, it has no meaning. The reader sees here that he has fallen so far from the beginning of the play, all because of his appetite for power. If you compare Macbeth’s character at the end of the play to Macbeth’s character at the beginning of the play, the changes are clear. A man who had morals, had a happy life, but as soon as he disregarded them, his life fell apart. Shakespeare is trying to show the readers that nothing good can come out of too much of one thing, in this case, power. Like the old adage says â€Å"Everything in moderation†.

An Analytical Business Report on Spark - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1495 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Case study Level High school Did you like this example? Works Cited inc.com. (n.d.). Retrieved 5 20, 2015, from inc.com. spark. (n.d.). Retrieved 05 21, 2015, from www.spark.co.nz. Spark Table of contents Executive summary Introduction Body of work understand target audience Understand Your Target Audience Generating Sales Leads Sell More to Existing Customers Findings Conclusion Recommendation Referencing Executive summary All around us, the pace of progress has accelerated thus has the method for individuals decide to live and associate with each other. Element change is currently the same old thing. Telecom desire is to be a becoming New Zealand organization, winning all the customers and making them stick with us permanently. To do that, telecom need to change at speed of life. That is the reason we are re molding our business to concentrate on what our customer need. The worldwide and nearby working environment attract new customers. As of late, weve seen exceptional development in the interest for, formation of, and availability to, data. This is changing shopper conduct and upsetting business models at fast rate. Competitors in the business sector keeps on expanding with three essential administrators, Telecom, Vodafone and 2degrees extra MVNOs offering administrations over existing portable systems. Introduction Telecom Corporation of New Zealand Limited was esta blished on 24 February 1987 as a company with limited liability. It is now incorporated under the Companies Act 1993 and is domiciled in New Zealand. Telecom is the largest provider of telecommunications and IT services in New Zealand by revenue, customers and assets, offering a comprehensive range of products and services to consumer and business customers. Significant milestones include: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ In 1999 Telecom acquired AAPT in Australia to entered Australian market à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ In 2004 Telecom acquired IT service companies Gen-i and Computer land to extend its IT services capabilities. Together, Gen-i and Computer land were jointly integrated into Telecom in late 2005 and now comprise a business division offering information, communication and technology (ICT) services under the Gen-i brand in both New Zealand and Australia; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ In 2007 Telecom sold its directories business, Yellow Pages Group and bought PowerTel, an Australian fixed network inf rastructure provider focused on the business and wholesale markets, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ In 2008 Telecom implemented the operational separation of its business units, in accordance with undertakings finalized following the 2006 amendments to the Telecommunications Act 2001; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ In May 2011 Chorus was selected by Crown Fibre Holdings(CFH) as the cornerstone partner in the Governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ultra-fast broadband (UFB) initiative; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ On 1 December 2011 Chorus and some parts of Telecom Wholesale were demerged from telecom. The main purpose of the report is to provide the information to the management about Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "An Analytical Business Report on Spark" essay for you Create order How can we attract new customers and increase our sales. How to achieve customer satisfaction. I have researched and contacting with many people to know their experiences and then making this report. 3. BODY OF WORK The following pages will inform you how to conduct market research to understand our target audience and their needs, how to determine which lead generation techniques are best to wide our sales horizons, and how to increase sales by following several strategies to sell additional products and/or services to existing customers. 3.1 How to Find New Customers and Increase Sales: Understand Your Target Audience Before we can discover new clients and build deals, we have to comprehend who our current customers are, what quality recommendation we offer to clients, and what our competitor are present offering in the business sector and where there are gaps for another new entrants. As it were, we have to do some surveying whether that implies contracting an outside firm to do the legwork or attempting to do it our self. Theres a basic separate between our ins piration to expand deals and our clients inspiration to take care of their issues. 3.2 How to Find New Customers and Increase Sales: Find Out Who Your Current Customers Are To make an an arrangement to reach new customers , we have to better comprehend whom we are as of now offering to. On the off chance that we are attempting to extend deals, we need to discover who our current clients are. What are their demographics? What do they resemble? That implies doing statistical surveying. We should use surveying tools. It should be possible rapidly and economically by sending studies to your current clients utilizing one of the numerous online study instruments, such as SurveyMonkey or Zoomerang. We can also get to know the target audience by looking at existing sources of information- from the N.Z Census Bureau or other government agencies, from trade associations, or from third-party research firms.. Demographics statistical data on a population including income levels, ag e, etc. Psychographics the attitudes and tastes of a certain demographic. Ethnographic examination of particular cultures. Buying habits how, what and where customers purchase products and services. How to Find New Customers and Increase Sales:Generating Sales Leads There are many of age-old staple technique and more current instruments you can use to discover new customers and expand deals. Daily newspaper readers may not be moved by Internet-based deals systems. We can use social networking sites to reach customers Here is a rundown on the techniques available: Cold calling.This is telemarketing without call centre . we can search for the potential customers using newspapers and we can teach sales persons how to talk with the customers. Because many customers donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t want to talk with sales paerson Social networking . it is 21st cenuary and and way of people living has changed we can use social networking sites to attract customers like facebook ,linkdin and twitter Develop champions of your products.We should ask our current customers who are happy with our product because word of mouth is the best way of advertising. Leverage your website.Good website is the best way to add new potential customers because in this modern world people use internet more. Everyone surf through the website first before using the product. Advertising.Typically businesses are encouraged to spend 3 to 5 percent of their revenue on advertising, but a small business needs to make sure that advertising is effective, How to Find New Customers and Increase Sales:Sell More to Existing Customers Many business man believes that advertising is the only way to attract customers , but a number of experts say that this strategy leaves out an obvious potential source of new sales Its much simpler to get a current client to purchase from you than to persuade another client to take the dive. Heres how to increase sales with your existing customer base: Bundle products.You can bundle some stuff together make them a combo which will make existing customer to try some of your other offerings. Try the up sell.We should encourage our sales staff to go to the exiting customers and try sell them more. A common example is a warranty. Offer inside information.Give the customers information when the product is going to be on sale.it is the best way of word of mouth marketing. Think about customer rewards.Customer rewards is the best way to sell more to the existing customers because they are already using the product and they are happy with it Give free samples.Whenever we launch new product give free samples to the people to make them our potential customers it is a good way of marketing.(inc.com) 2. FINDINGS report for year 2013 Total operating revenue for the year 2013 was 4,189 million dollars. Net earnings were 238 million dollars Earnings per share 13c Dividends per share 16c Total capital expenditure 465 million dollars Telecomà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ambition is to be growing New Zealand company winning by customers choosing us to connect them at speed of life. Over 900,000 retail fixed line residential and SME customers in NEew Zealand 1.815 million mobile connections in New Zealand Over 850,000 retail fixed and mobile internet and broadband customers in New Zealand. Around 70 wholesale customers in New Zealand, comprising mainly retail service providers Around 2800 business clients using Gen i Conclusion After doing my research I have concluded that our company is doing good in business but still we need to achieve many things. We have strong competitors in the market but we have to be on top in the telecommunication market. Telecommunication market is growing at very fast rate and we have to be in the front. Recommendation If we reshape our sales and delivery teams it will help us to have better understanding of customers needs and wants. We should deliver simple effortless experience that is demonstrably and consistently better than our customers. If we improve our network more because sill there are some areas where people have problems while connecting. If we have more digital self service option it will help us to achieve customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s stratification. If we design and build new platforms, products, offer channels and end to end process capabilities it will help us to attract new customers. If we make Gen I and retail services channels more efficient it help us to improve services delivery for business customers. Referencing www.inc.com www.spark.co.nz www.wikipedia.com www.investortelecom.co.nz